What is Pounamu?

What is Pounamu? Unveiling New Zealand's Sacred Greenstone

Pounamu. It's more than just a beautiful stone; it's the very heart of New Zealand. For centuries, this captivating greenstone has been revered by Māori as taonga (a treasured possession), imbued with spiritual significance, ancestral connections, and immense cultural value.

At O'Jade, we believe in sharing the profound story of pounamu. Let's dive into what makes this unique stone so special.

Pounamu vs. Jade vs. Greenstone: What's the Difference?

You might hear pounamu referred to as "New Zealand jade" or "greenstone." While these terms are often used interchangeably, it's important to understand the nuances:

• Pounamu: This is the correct and most respectful Māori name for the treasured nephrite and bowenite varieties of hard, durable, and highly valued stone found only in specific parts of the South Island (Te Waipounamu – "The Waters of Greenstone"). It encompasses not just the geological material, but also its cultural significance, history, and spiritual essence.
• Jade: This is a broader geological term that refers to two different mineral types: nephrite and jadeite. Pounamu is primarily nephrite jade, though a highly valued pounamu variety called Tangiwai is a form of bowenite. True jadeite is not found in New Zealand.
• Greenstone: This is a common colloquial term used by many to describe pounamu, simply referring to its colour. While widely used, it doesn't convey the same depth of cultural meaning as "pounamu."

So, while O'Jade crafts beautiful pieces from New Zealand greenstone, we always honour its true identity as pounamu.

The Unique Types of Pounamu

Pounamu isn't just one kind of greenstone; it encompasses several distinct varieties, each with its own unique characteristics, colours, and traditional associations:

• Kawakawa: Often a deep, rich green, sometimes with dark flecks. It's named after the kawakawa leaf and is one of the most common and widely used pounamu types.
• Inanga: Ranging from pearly grey to a pale green, often translucent. Named after a native whitebait fish, it's particularly prized for its soft, ethereal beauty.
• Kahurangi: One of the most highly prized and rare forms, Kahurangi is a vibrant, clear green, often with a faint blueish tinge, and is exceptionally translucent. Its name means "sky blue" or "precious."
• Tangiwai: While geologically a bowenite (not nephrite), Tangiwai is culturally considered pounamu. It is characterised by its striking clarity and ranges from olive green to a unique clear, tear-like transparency. Its name translates to "water of tears," reflecting traditional Māori legends.
• Flower Jade: A distinctive variety known for its unique "flower" or "cloud" patterns created by inclusions of different colours, often yellow, orange, or brown, within the green stone. These patterns make each piece truly unique.

Each type of authentic New Zealand pounamu tells a story, making every piece a unique treasure.

The Deep Cultural Significance of Pounamu

For Māori, pounamu is far more than just an adornment. It is a living taonga, a powerful connection to ancestors, lands, and traditions.

• Mana: Pounamu is believed to hold mana (prestige, spiritual power), which accumulates with each person who possesses it and is passed down through generations.
• Protection: Many carvings, like the Hei Tiki or Hei Matau, are traditionally worn for protection and good fortune.
• Gifting Traditions: Pounamu is traditionally gifted rather than bought for oneself. When a piece of pounamu is gifted, it strengthens the bond between the giver and receiver, and the stone absorbs the mauri (life force or essence) of its wearer, growing in significance over time.
• Connection to Land: Pounamu is primarily found in the rivers and mountains of the South Island (Te Waipounamu). Its collection is governed by strict protocols, honouring the land and its resources.

The Journey of Pounamu: From River to Heirloom

The journey of pounamu is one of immense respect and skill. We work with the raw stone, carefully selected and ethically sourced from specific riverbeds. They possess an intimate knowledge of the stone's qualities, patiently shaping and polishing it to reveal its inherent beauty and spiritual essence.

Each cut, each curve, is a tribute to ancient traditions and a commitment to creating a piece that will be treasured for generations. When you hold an O'Jade pounamu carving, you're holding a piece of New Zealand's soul, crafted with expertise and aroha (love).

Caring for Your Pounamu Taonga

Pounamu is incredibly durable, but like any cherished possession, it benefits from proper care to maintain its beauty and mana.

• Wear it! Pounamu thrives on contact with your skin. The oils from your skin help to enrich its colour and deepen its lustre over time.
• Clean gently: Simply wipe your pounamu with a soft, damp cloth. For a deeper clean, a mild soap and water solution can be used, but avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners.
• Store safely: When not wearing it, keep your pounamu in a soft pouch or separate from other jewellery to prevent scratches.
• Avoid extremes: While tough, extreme temperature changes or hard impacts can damage the stone.

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Discover Your Connection to Pounamu

Understanding what pounamu is allows you to appreciate its profound beauty and significance. Each piece of authentic New Zealand pounamu from O'Jade carries a story, a connection to the land, and a rich cultural heritage.

We invite you to explore our exquisite collection of pounamu jewellery and greenstone carvings, and find a piece that resonates with your spirit.

 

If you’ve enjoyed this kōrero and would like to support my carving and writing, you can do so here: buymeacoffee.com/ojade 💚